A daily intake of approximately 4 tons of krill equates to about 3 million calories for the blue whale, the earth's largest creature. This is a stark contrast to the mere 2,500 calories an average human requires. This comparison alone offers a glimpse into the blue whale's impressive lifestyle and biology that we will explore. We'll also delve into the best conservation methods for this species and discuss why its size defies typical mammalian norms. References : - Abrahms, B., Hazen, E. L., Aikens, E. O., Savoca, M. S., Goldbogen, J. A., Bograd, S. J., ... & Mate, B. R. (2019). Memory and resource tracking drive blue whale migrations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(12), 5582-5587 ⁠- Slater Graham J.⁠, ⁠Goldbogen Jeremy A.⁠ and ⁠Pyenson Nicholas D.⁠ 2017 Independent evolution of baleen whale gigantism linked to Plio-Pleistocene ocean dynamics Proc. R. Soc. B.*28420170546. - Sylvestre, J.-P. (2016). Cétacés du monde: Systématique, éthologie, biologie, écologie, statut. Editions Quae.

All creatures are bound by time, yet their lifespan is dictated by their genetic and epigenetic makeup. The leatherback turtle is a prime example, armed with sophisticated survival strategies that defy time and mortality. Discover where they hatch, their diet, their behavior, and how their exceptional ability to regenerate could provide invaluable insights for us. References : -Avens L, Taylor JC, Goshe LR, Jones TT, Hastings M (2009) Use of skeletochronological analysis to estimate the age of leatherback sea turtles Dermochelys coriacea in the western North Atlantic. Endang Species Res 8:165-177 -Heaslip SG, Iverson SJ, Bowen WD, James MC (2012) Jellyfish Support High Energy Intake of Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea): Video Evidence from Animal-Borne Cameras. PLoS ONE 7(3): e33259. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033259 -Avens L, Taylor JC, Goshe LR, Jones TT, Hastings M (2009) Use of skeletochronological analysis to estimate the age of leatherback sea turtles Dermochelys coriacea in the western North Atlantic. Endang Species Res 8:165-177. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00202 -J. Michael C, Myers Ransom A and Ottensmeyer C. Andrea 2005 Behaviour of leatherback sea turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, during the migratory cycle*Proc. R. Soc. B.*2721547–1555

The topic today is the oarfish, this strange odd-looking fish that seems to come straight out of a Jules Verne novel. Discover why exactly this fish is extremely sought after by professional divers and scientist around the globe. In addition to explaining its stunning biology, bioluminescence and size, this fish has a very special relationship with earthquakes and you will se how. References : -Acanthocephalan Parasites of the Oarfish, Regalecus russelii (Regalecidae), With A Description of A New Species of Gymnorhadinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Gymnorhadinorhynchidae) Michelle L. Steinauer; Ana E. Garcia-Vedrenne; Sara B. Weinstein; Armand M. KurisJ Parasitol (2019) 105 (1): 124–132. -R. Brown - Pictures of an oarfish washed ashore in the Philippines - Nat. Geo. the 17 February, 2017.-ROBERTS T. R. 2012. — Systematics, Biology, and Distribution of the Species of the Oceanic Oarfish Genus Regalecus (Teleostei, Lampridiformes, Regalecidae). Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 268p. (Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle ; 202). -Bichara, Alexandra JF - Manoa VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 16 EP - 20 PY - 2023 PB - Finding Faults and Dragons A1 - University of Hawai'i Press SN - 1527-943x UR - https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/5/article/917281 N1 - Volume 35, Number 2, 2023 ER.

In this episode, we dive deep into the vibrant and diverse marine life of Brazil. Join us as we explore the convergence zone of freshwater giants, invasive species, and cold-blooded reptiles. We uncover the origin of the Amazon River, the real freshwater giant behind local legendary creatures, and whether or not sea monsters still lurk in the depths of the Amazon. We also delve into the fascinating world of sharks swimming inland and the effect of such a change on their survival. Throughout the episode, we share astonishing news, incredible discoveries, and captivating stories that will leave you in awe of Brazil's ocean life. We focus specifically on marine biodiversity, geology, and biology, offering unique insights into the intricate web of life in the Amazon and along Brazil's coastline. Join us as we unravel the mysteries of Brazil's ocean life, and expect to learn more insights about the diverse ecosystems, fascinating creatures, and the delicate balance between freshwater and saltwater environments. Don't miss out on this episode filled with awe-inspiring discoveries and incredible stories. If you want to be informed of future episodes or even suggest topics, don't hesitate to subscribe and send a message on Instagram : @oceanexplained_ References : - NOAA https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/amazon-rainforest/ - National Geographic https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/amazon-rainforest - "Ocean, a global odyssey", Sylvia A. Earle 2021 - Brittanica https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River

In this episode of Ocean Explained, we invite you to join us on an extraordinary journey into the depths of the Red Sea. Immerse yourself in the captivating world of this magnificent body of water as we uncover its secrets and unveil its wonders. Explore the vibrant biodiversity, encounter unique fish species, and witness the geological marvels that shape this incredible ecosystem. Delve into the intricate relationship between dugongs and seagrass, and gain insight into the challenges that threaten this delicate environment. Prepare to be captivated by the mesmerizing beauty of the Red Sea in this enlightening episode of Ocean Explained! Don't miss out on this immersive experience, and subscribe to stay informed about future episodes and suggest topics. References for Stats and Studies : -https://www.nationalgeographic.com/ -Bouma, T. J., van Belzen, J., Balke, T., Zhu, Z., Airoldi, L., & Blight, A. J. (2014). Identifying knowledge gaps hampering application of intertidal habitats in coastal protection: opportunities & steps to take. Coastal Engineering, 87, 147-157 -Gullström, M., Bodin, M., Nilsson, P. G., Öhman, M. C., & Moksnes, P. O. (2008). Evaluating the role of seagrass beds as a habitat for fish and decapods crustaceans in a Swedish fjord. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 78(4), 741-748 -https://www.padi.com/

Dive into the rich biodiversity, majestic sea giants, and unique ecosystems that make New Zealand's waters truly remarkable. Explore the diverse habitats, from rocky shores to deep-sea trenches, and learn about the fascinating species that call them home. Join us on this immersive journey as we unveil astonishing discoveries and share the captivating stories of marine scientist Dr. Rebecca Simmons. From black corals to hydrothermal vents, this episode will leave you in awe of New Zealand's geological marvels. Don't miss out on the opportunity to explore the depths of New Zealand's ocean wonders! References : NationalLibraryofMedicinehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6684273/ https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Zealand Machon J, Krieger J, Meth R, Zbinden M, Ravaux J, Montagné N, Chertemps T, Harzsch S. 2019. Data from: Neuroanatomy of a hydrothermal vent shrimp provides insights into the evolution of crustacean integrative brain centers.

In this episode of The Ocean Explained, we dive into the fascinating world of Manta Rays. Join us as we explore their unusual intelligence, creativity, and unique characteristics shaped by the forces of biology, evolution, and oceanography. Additionally, we delve into the physical features and habitat preferences of Manta Rays, their feeding behaviors, and the importance of warm or temperate ocean waters for their survival. Furthermore, we provide insights into distribution, hunting behaviors, migration patterns, and social interactions. Join us in this episode as we unravel the wonders of Manta Rays and their incredible world. If you want to be informed of future episodes or suggest topics, don't hesitate to subscribe and send a message on Instagram : @oceanexplained_ Don't miss out on this captivating exploration of Manta Rays and their remarkable biology, evolution, and oceanography! References : -"Ocean, a global Odysey" ; Sylvia A. Earle 2021 (Book) -Couturier, L. I., Rohner, C. A., Richardson, A. J., Newman, A., Marshall, A. D., Jaine, F. R., ... & Bennett, M. B. (2013). Stable isotope and signature fatty acid analyses suggest reef manta rays feed on demersal zooplankton. PloS one, 8(10), e77152 -Stevens, G., Marshall, A. D., & McGregor, F. (2019). Manta Matcher: Automated photographic identification of manta rays using keypoint features. Ecology and Evolution, 9(8), 4796-4810 -Marshall, A. D., & Bennett, M. B. (2010). Reproductive ecology of the reef manta ray Manta alfredi in southern Mozambique. Journal of Fish Biology, 77(1), 169-190

In this exclusive episode, we dive into the hidden wonders of South Africa's ocean, exploring the biodiversity, sea giants, and ecosystems that make it a vibrant and diverse marine environment. Join us as we uncover the majestic kelp forests, lonely islands, colorful reefs, and vast plateaus that thrive beneath the surface of South Africa's coastal waters. Discover the carbon-consuming powerhouses of kelp forests, the valuable sandy shores, the captivating rocky intertidal zones, and the importance of bays, estuaries, and open ocean ecosystems. Learn about the unique habitats of seamounts, muddy ecosystems, shelf edges, slopes, canyons, and abyssal plains, and the vital role they play in maintaining biodiversity. We also touch upon the threats these ecosystems face from fishing, mining, petroleum activities, and climate change, emphasizing the importance of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in their conservation. References : -Cape Town Uni. Article : "Predicting South Africa's true marine biodiversity";https://open.uct.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/4d87ffd0-9741-4ec8-b0ae-d1ea4d9bcbb0/content -https://maris.uct.ac.za/eafsa/publications/publications-2022

In this episode of Ocean Explained, we delve into the fascinating intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and cetacean communication. Can AI help translate marine life interactions and even predict the evolution of our oceans? Join us as we explore how AI works with scientific data, the potential for communication with whales, and the quantification of carbon cycles in marine organisms. Discover the impact of deep learning in marine conservation and ecology, and learn about the application of AI techniques in analyzing vast amounts of data from marine ecosystems. We discuss the training, evaluation, and application phases of AI strategies, as well as the use of deep learning algorithms for identifying individual animals and analyzing their behavior. Additionally, we highlight a successful study that applies deep machine learning to analyze a large passive acoustic dataset, focusing on the identification of highly variable humpback whale sounds. We also explore various cases where AI is used to study fish vocal communications, detect ghost fishing gear, and understand carbon cycling in marine environments. Don't miss this episode as we uncover the potential of AI to revolutionize marine biology and conservation efforts. Subscribe to our Instagram page at oceanexplained_ for more episodes, trailers, and additional content about the ocean. Keywords: artificial intelligence, cetacean communication, marine life interactions, evolution of oceans, deep learning, marine conservation, marine ecology, scientific data analysis, individual animal identification, humpback whale sounds, fish vocal communications, ghost fishing gear, carbon cycling, marine biology, marine conservation efforts, Instagram, Ocean Explained References : -NOAA ; https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/using-ai-listen-and-learn-about-humpback-whales -Copernicus European Project ; https://marine.copernicus.eu/news/artificial-intelligence-digital-twin-ocean -ICES Journal of Marine Science, Volume 79, Issue 2, March 2022, Pages 319–336, Morten Goodwin, Kim Tallaksen Halvorsen, Lei Jiao, Kristian Muri Knausgård, Angela Helen Martin, Marta Moyano, Rebekah A Oomen, Jeppe Have Rasmussen, Tonje Knutsen Sørdalen, Susanna Huneide Thorbjørnsen, Unlocking the potential of deep learning for marine ecology: overview, applications, and outlook,

Welcome to an EXCLUSIVE episode of the Ocean Explained Podcast, where we take you on an immersive journey into the captivating world of the Peruvian Ocean Life. Get ready to dive deep into the rich biodiversity and ecological significance of Peru's coastal waters as we uncover the secrets and wonders that lie beneath the surface. Join us on this captivating expedition as we unravel the mysteries, showcase the beauty, and shed light on the importance of the Peruvian Ocean Life. Subscribe to the Marine Biology Explained Podcast and be part of the conversation about the wonders of this unique and fragile marine ecosystem. References : -Tarazona, Juan & Gutiérrez, Dimitri & Paredes, Carlos & Indacochea, Aldo. (2003). Overview and challenges of marine biodiversity research in Peru. Gayana. 67. 206-231. -https://missionblue.org/2017/05/saving-the-tropical-pacific-sea-of-peru/

In this new episode of the Marine Biology Explained Podcast, we discover the awe-inspiring hunting tactics of the Arctic subpopulation of killer whales, also known as orcas. These highly intelligent and social creatures have been ruling the oceans for over 2.6 million years and are the largest and most intelligent species of dolphins. We explore their unique feeding strategies and discuss their biology and physiology, including their large brain and use of sound for communication and navigation. Arctic Orcas Wave-Washing Technique : https://www.instagram.com/reel/CidAZwDAxLm/?igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA== Orcas Impressive Pictures : Paul Nickeln's https://www.instagram.com/p/CJ1TUdsLvp7/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA== Flip Nickiln's : https://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/orca-male-breaching-johnstone-strait-flip-nicklin.jpg References : -“Cétacés du monde” by J.P. Sylvestre Ed. Quæ -https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/orcas-hunt-seal-antarctica-ice-video-dolphin-intelligence-whale-culture-spd -https://orcanation.org/the-social-intelligence-of-orcas/

In this episode, we emphasize the need for integrative, multidisciplinary research to unlock the secrets of marine life and ensure its sustainable management. The ocean holds countless marvels, and by understanding the complexities of events like the Sardine Run, we can appreciate its incredible biodiversity and work towards its conservation. Don't miss out on future episodes and share your suggestions by subscribing and sending a message on Instagram @marinbioexplained_, @marinebioexplained_. Keywords: Sardine Run, South Africa, mass migration, marine biodiversity, ecological interactions, genetic clues, scientific research, marine conservation, underwater world, marine life, marine enthusiasts, mesmerizing phenomenon. References : -Cape Town University : van der Lingen, Carl & Coetzee, Janet & Hutchings, L. (2010). Overview of the KwaZulu-Natal sardine run. African Journal of Marine Science. 32. 271-277. 10.2989/1814232X.2010.501581.

For this episode of the Marine Biology Explained Podcast, we invite you to discover the mesmerizing world of the Antarctic Ocean. Join us as we delve into the frozen life beneath the ice and explore the impact of climate change, the wonders of biodiversity, and unveil incredible mysteries. From the extreme adaptations of marine life to the vital role of phytoplankton, we will take you on a thrilling journey through this unique ecosystem. Don't miss out on this captivating exploration - subscribe now on Spotify and ignite your curiosity about the secrets of the Antarctic Ocean! References : -"Marine biology for the non-biologists" by Andrew Cain (great book) -"Deep" by Alex Rogers -"Ocean, a global odyssey" by Dr Sylvia A. Earle (great book too!)

In this captivating episode of the Marine Biology Explained Podcast, we delve into the remarkable characteristics that make the Mediterranean Sea truly unique. Join us as we explore the unparalleled biodiversity, environmental challenges, conservation efforts, and the cultural and historical significance of this iconic marine ecosystem. Discover the astonishing array of marine life that calls the Mediterranean home, from diverse fish species like tuna, grouper, and sea bass to magnificent marine mammals like dolphins and sea turtles. Explore their fascinating biology, biochemistry, and remarkable adaptations that allow them to thrive in these waters. Gain insights into the conservation projects and initiatives led by renowned organizations like CNRS FUTURA, National Geographic, and TARA Ocean, which are dedicated to safeguarding the Mediterranean's delicate ecosystems. Learn about the environmental challenges facing the Mediterranean Seas, including pollution and overfishing, and their profound impact on the marine ecosystem. Dive into the ongoing efforts to combat these challenges and protect the region's biodiversity through marine protected areas, artificial reef construction, and sea turtle conservation programs. Discover the success stories of these conservation projects and the positive outcomes they bring to the Mediterranean's fragile ecosystem. Uncover the cultural and historical significance of the Mediterranean Seas, which have shaped ancient civilizations, trade routes, and cultural exchange for millennia. From the Greeks and Romans to the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, we explore the historical events, architectural marvels, and cultural legacies that have left an indelible mark on the region. Delight in the rich tapestry of Mediterranean culture, from art and literature to cuisine and lifestyle. Join us as we emphasize the need for ongoing research and monitoring to understand the changing dynamics of the Mediterranean Seas and develop effective conservation strategies. Discover how sustainable practices, including reducing plastic pollution, wastewater treatment, and climate change mitigation, can ensure the long-term health and resilience of this unique marine ecosystem. Tune in to this enlightening episode of the Marine Biology Explained Podcast to deepen your understanding of the Mediterranean Sea's biodiversity, conservation efforts, and cultural significance. Together, let's appreciate and protect this extraordinary ecosystem for generations to come. Don't forget to follow us on Instagram @marinebioexplained_ for more fascinating insights into the wonders of marine biology. Sources: CNRS : https://www.cnrs.fr/fr Futura Science : https://www.futura-sciences.com/ TARA Ocean: https://fondationtaraocean.org/⁠

Welcome back to the Marine Biology Explained Podcast! In this exciting episode, we dive deep into the captivating world of the Sunfish. Join us as we explore the unique characteristics of this incredible creature and unravel its significant role in our oceans. In Part 1, we introduce you to the mesmerizing Sunfish, known for its distinctive appearance and massive size. Discover how these gentle giants grow up to 10 feet long and weigh over 2,000 pounds! With their rough skin, round shape, and upright dorsal fin resembling a sail, Sunfish truly stand out in the marine world. Moving on to Part 2, we uncover the Sunfish's fascinating diet and feeding habits. Delve into their diverse menu, from devouring delicate jellyfish and comb jellies to munching on small fish, squid, and even algae. Learn how their scavenging behavior contributes to maintaining a healthy marine ecosystem. In Part 3, we unravel the complex life cycle and reproduction of Sunfish. From the release of tiny transparent eggs to the growth of larvae with thread-like tails, witness their incredible journey to adulthood. Explore how they find breeding grounds and the factors that influence their distribution patterns. Part 4 highlights the remarkable adaptations Sunfish have developed for survival. Discover how their flattened body shape, thick skin, and unique dorsal fin and tail enable them to navigate their environment with ease. Explore their migration patterns, feeding behavior, and buoyancy control, all contributing to their success as oceanic wonders. In the final installment, Part 5, we shed light on the crucial conservation efforts dedicated to protecting Sunfish populations. Uncover the significance of marine protected areas, reducing bycatch, educational campaigns, and ongoing research and monitoring. Join the global collaboration aimed at preserving these majestic creatures for future generations. Join us on this captivating journey into the world of the Sunfish, where we explore their unique biology, ecological impact, and conservation importance. Don't miss out on this insightful episode of the Marine Biology Explained Podcast! Thank you for listening, and we can't wait to share more marine wonders with you in the next episode. Podcast Keywords: Sunfish, Marine Biology, Oceanography, Marine Creatures, Marine Conservation, Marine Ecosystems, Marine Research, Marine Life Cycle, Marine Adaptations, Marine Biodiversity, Marine Conservation Efforts

In this episode of the Marine Biology Explained Podcast, join us as we dive deep into the captivating world of the majestic whale shark. Discover the intriguing biology of these gentle giants, including their life cycle, feeding habits, and migration patterns. Uncover the enigmatic phenomenon of whale shark constellations and the reasons behind their occurrence in the vast ocean. Explore the impact of human interference on these magnificent creatures and learn about the ongoing efforts to protect and conserve whale sharks. Don't miss this exciting and educational episode that delves into the captivating world of marine biology. Tune in now to gain a deeper understanding of the fascinating world of whale sharks and their conservation. References : -“Whale Shark Biology, Ecology and Conservation” by A.M. Dove and J.S. Pierce

In this episode of the Marine Biology Explained Podcast, we take you on a journey to the stunning and remote Komodo Island in Indonesia. Join us as we explore its unique and diverse ecosystem, which is home to some of the world's most fascinating creatures. Discover the world's largest living lizard, the Komodo dragon, and learn about their hunting habits, behavior, and how they have adapted to living on the island. We will also dive into the crystal-clear waters of Komodo and talk about the rare and elusive megamouth shark, one of the most remarkable creatures on earth. But that's not all, we will also take a closer look at the pink sand shore, a natural wonder caused by a type of microscopic animal that lives in the coral reefs surrounding the island. You will learn about the geological history of Komodo Island and how it was formed, and we will discuss the giant manta ray, one of the largest species of ray in the world, and how they play an important role in the ecosystem. Finally, we will talk about the efforts being made to protect the unique wildlife and habitats of Komodo Island. Komodo National Park is a protected area facing threats from illegal fishing and poaching, and we will explore the management and conservation efforts that are being made to ensure the long-term survival of this incredible place. So, tune in to this episode of the Marine Biology Explained Podcast and join us on an adventure to one of the most fascinating and awe-inspiring places on earth. Learn more about marine biology and the wonders of the natural world and discover why Komodo Island is truly a diamond in the rough that deserves our attention and protection.

In this episode of Marine Biology Explained, we explore the enigmatic Devil's Sea, also known as the Dragon's Triangle. From disappearing vessels to unexplained paranormal phenomena, we delve into the many theories and explanations surrounding this infamous area of the Pacific Ocean. Join us as we discuss the legends and myths associated with the Devil's Sea and discover the scientific research that attempts to explain its mysteries. From undersea volcanoes to methane hydrates, we explore the various hypotheses that attempt to shed light on the area's strange occurrences. References : -https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/bermudatri.html -https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/bermuda-triangle-mystery-disappearance -https://www.gov.bm/department/tourism

In this episode of the Marine Biology Explained podcast, where we dive into the fascinating world of coral biology and volcanology. In this episode, we explore cutting-edge research on how to "heat train" corals, the importance of Hawaii's coral conservation efforts, and the incredible diversity of deep-water reefs. We also discuss the benefits of coral reef ecosystems and the threats they face from climate change, pollution, overfishing, and coastal development. Tune in for an informative and engaging conversation that will leave you with a newfound appreciation for these valuable and delicate ecosystems. https://instagram.com/marinebioexplained_?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= References : -"Le monde sous-marin du plongeur biologiste en Méditerranée" by J. Bonnefis and M. Pathéferences : -https://www.barrierreef.org/news/explainers/understanding-heat-tolerance-in-corals-great-barrier-reef#:~:text=What⁠ temperature can corals usually,C (79°F). -https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/marine-life/coral-reef-ecosystems

In this episode of Marine Biology Explained, we explore the biology of the bowhead whale. We discuss the importance of the role of bowhead whales in the ecosystem well-being and climate mitigation strategies. Additionally, we delve into the factors that contribute to the incredible longevity of bowhead whales, including genetics, diet, and environment, and discuss how studying their longevity could provide valuable insights into the aging process and age-related diseases in humans. https://instagram.com/marinebioexplained_?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= References : -Artwohl, J. E., Willett, C. S., & Gemmell, N. J. (2020). Genomic evidence for adaptive molecular evolution during long life in the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus). PLoS genetics, 16(4), e1008658. -Laidre, K. L., Stirling, I., Lowry, L. F., Wiig, Ø., Heide-Jørgensen, M. P., & Ferguson, S. H. (2015). Quantifying the sensitivity of Arctic marine mammals to climate-induced habitat change. Ecological applications, 25(6), 1733-1746. -George, J. C., Bada, J., Zeh, J., Scott, L., Brown, S. E., O'Hara, T., ... & --Suydam, R. (1999). Age and growth estimates of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) via aspartic acid racemization. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 77(4), 571-580. -Doidge, N. (2015). The brain's way of healing: Remarkable discoveries and recoveries from the frontiers of neuroplasticity. Penguin. https://www.instagram.com/marinebioexplained_/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y%3D